Rare aetiology for amenorrhea in a 14-year-old adolescent girl

CASE REPORTS

Rare aetiology for amenorrhea in a 14-year-old adolescent girl

André Costa e Silva¹, Catarina Freitas², Diana Monteiro³, Filipa Espada².

¹Pediatrics Department, Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho, Santa Luzia Hospital, Viana do Castelo, Portugal,
²Pediatrics Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal,
³Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal.

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Abstract
Secondary amenorrhea involves a thorough investigation into hypothalamic, pituitary, ovarian, and uterine factors. The epidemiology of secondary amenorrhea encompasses common causes such as pregnancy, polycystic ovary syndrome, and mental health-related factors, alongside the infrequent yet impactful occurrence of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) . POI, affecting around 1% of women under 40, stems from various causes, including autoimmune mechanisms, genetic abnormalities, and ovarian injury. A presented case involves a 14-year-old with regular menses until age 13, presenting with six months of amenorrhea. The multidisciplinary evaluation ruled out common causes, leading to an in-depth investigation revealing elevated FSH levels indicative of POI. The discussion emphasizes the importance of family history, thorough. Psychological support, addressing estrogen deficiency-related concerns, and managing infertility become integral components. Hormone replacement therapy and fertility preservation methods offer potential interventions. Additionally, encouraging a lifestyle conducive to bone and cardiovascular health becomes paramount. This study aims to heighten awareness among healthcare practitioners regarding rare conditions like POI in adolescents with amenorrhea, facilitating early diagnosis and comprehensive patient care.

Why this article important?

This manuscript holds paramount importance for several reasons. Firstly, it addresses a rare and life-altering condition, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), particularly in the context of adolescent females. The rarity of this condition in this age group underscores the need for heightened awareness among healthcare practitioners, ensuring timely diagnosis and appropriate management. Secondly, the manuscript contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a detailed exploration of the diagnostic journey in a specific case, offering insights into the clinical manifestations and diverse etiologies of POI. Such in-depth case studies enhance our understanding of rare conditions, facilitating better recognition and management in clinical practice. Furthermore, the multidisciplinary approach advocated in the manuscript, encompassing psychological support, estrogen deficiency management, and fertility preservation strategies, aligns with a holistic patient care paradigm. Addressing the broader health implications of POI, including its impact on bone and cardiovascular health, emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive healthcare strategies. In essence, this manuscript not only expands the understanding of a rare medical condition but also serves as an educational resource for healthcare professionals, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes through early detection and effective management of POI in adolescent girls.

Summary of article

This manuscript delves into a compelling case of amenorrhea in a 14-year-old girl, shedding light on the diagnostic intricacies and management strategies associated with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Navigating through historical trends in menarcheal age variation and the spectrum of secondary amenorrhea causes, the paper meticulously explores the rarity of POI in adolescents, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive evaluation. The focal point is a detailed case study of a 14-year-old with regular menses until age 13, presenting with six months of amenorrhea. The diagnostic journey uncovered elevated FSH levels indicative of POI, prompting a discussion on the diverse etiologies and clinical manifestations of this condition. Furthermore, the manuscript highlights the significance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing POI, addressing psychological aspects, estrogen deficiency-related concerns, and infertility. It underscores available interventions such as hormone replacement therapy and fertility preservation methods while emphasizing the broader health implications of POI. Overall, this manuscript serves as a valuable contribution, increasing awareness among healthcare practitioners about the potential occurrence of rare conditions like POI in adolescents with amenorrhea and providing insights for early diagnosis and comprehensive patient care.

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