ISSN - 0973-0958

Pediatric Oncall Journal View Article

Protein-Losing Enteropathy as a Rare Complication of Giardiasis in Children
Filipa Sutre, Margarida Caldeira, Alexandra Gavino, Aldina Lopes.
Paediatric Department, Hospital de Santarém, Santarém, Portugal.
Abstract
Giardiasis, caused by Giardia lamblia, is an intestinal infection that presents various clinical manifestations. While malabsorption is a recognized complication, protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is infrequent. This report describes a 17-month-old healthy girl who presented to the emergency department exhibiting generalized edema attributed to hypoalbuminemia, which resulted from gastrointestinal protein loss. Subsequent investigations identified giardiasis as the underlying etiology. After appropriate treatment, the patient fully recovered. With this case, the intention is to highlight the importance of considering giardiasis in patients with hypoproteinemia of unknown origin to prevent severe comorbidities, particularly in children.
Why this article important?
Giardiasis represents a treatable cause of protein-losing enteropathy with potential connections to severe comorbidities. The rarity of the case highlights the need to raise awareness within the scientific community. This report underscores the significance of considering giardiasis as a potential cause in patients, especially children, with unexplained hypoproteinemia. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent severe complications, such as nutritional deficiencies and growth impairments. Our goal is to advocate for early diagnosis and appropriate interventions, thereby avoiding unnecessary treatments and diagnostics in future cases. This commitment seeks to enhance patient outcomes and contribute to the overall improvement of healthcare practices.
Summary of article
The case report submitted to the Pediatric Oncall Journal explores a rare complication of Giardiasis, specifically protein-losing enteropathy, in a previously healthy 17-month-old girl. This condition involves an excessive loss of proteins through the gastrointestinal tract, surpassing the liver's production capacity. Severe hypoproteinemia can lead to clinical manifestations such as edema, ascites, and pleural or pericardial effusion, elevating the risk of infection. The timely recognition and treatment of giardiasis played a crucial role in the child's complete recovery. This underscores the significance of considering giardiasis in cases of unexplained hypoproteinemia, particularly in children, emphasizing the necessity for early diagnosis and intervention to prevent severe complications.

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