Albuterol
Mechanism :
The pharmacologic effects of beta-adrenergic agonist drugs, including albuterol, are attributable to stimulation through beta-adrenergic receptors of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3’, 5’-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Increased cyclic AMP levels are associated with relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells.
Indication :
Contraindications :
Albuterol formulations are contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any of its components.
Dosing :
Inhale 90-80 mcg (1-2 puffs) orally every 4-6 hours.
Adverse Effect :
Tremors, nervousness, insomnia, hypertension, angina, vomiting, vertigo, hyperactivity and excitement, unusual taste, drying or irritation of the oropharynx. headache, dizziness, increased appetite, angioedema, urticaria, tachycardia, epistaxis.
Interaction :
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors or Tricyclic Antidepressants: Albuterol should be administered with extreme caution to patients being treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants, or within 2 weeks of discontinuation of such agents, because the action of albuterol on the vascular system may be potentiated.
Beta-Blockers: Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents not only block the pulmonary effect of beta-agonists, such as albuterol, but may produce severe bronchospasm in asthmatic patients.
Diuretics: The ECG changes and/or hypokalemia that may result from the administration of nonpotassium-sparing diuretics (such as loop or thiazide diuretics) can be acutely worsened by beta-agonists, especially when the recommended dose of the beta-agonist is exceeded.
Digoxin: Mean decreases in serum digoxin levels were demonstrated after single-dose intravenous and oral administration of albuterol.
Hepatic Dose :
No dosage adjustments are recommended.