Cloxacillin
Synonym :
Dicloxacillin
Mechanism :
It is a penicillin derivative which acts by inhibiting the bacterial cell wall synthesis. It is penicillate sensitive and is effective against gram positive organisms especially staphylococcal aureus and gram-negative microorganisms.
Indication :
- Infections caused by methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)
Contraindications :
Penicillin hypersensitivity.
Dosing :
Newborn:
IV/Oral
<7 days:
50-100 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses.
7-21 days:
75-150 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses.
>21 days:
100-200 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses.
Children:
IV/IM:
50-100 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses (Max single dose 1 gm-may be doubled in severe infection).
Children:
Oral:
<1 year:
250 mg/day; 1-5 years: 500 mg/day; 5-18 years: 1 gm in 4 divided doses.
Adverse Effect :
Gastrointestinal effects, particularly at high oral doses, skin rash, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, pseudomembranous colitis.
Interaction :
Warfarin: Prothrombin time may be increased.
Hepatic Dose :
No dosage adjustments are recommended.