This is one of the commonest conditions seen in children, more often in boys than in girls. This is noticed as a swelling in the groin or inguinal region - that increases on crying, coughing or straining. The swelling is hardly visible or decreases when the child is asleep, quiet.

In a Hydrocele in a child the passage being partly closed, does not allow the intestines but will allow only the free fluid in the abdominal cavity to trickle down through the open passage into the scrotum.

An inguinal hernia does not resolve spontaneously and requires surgery to correct it. If left alone, without opting for surgery, there are many complications that are known to occur.

ven after a routine surgery for hernia or hydrocele, there are a few complications that are known. One of these is that due to the surgery of separating the cord structures from the hernial sac, there may be a dependant swelling or edema in the scrotum of the side of surgery.

This condition is frequently seen in both girls & boys. This is noticed soon after birth when the umbilical cord falls off. There is a bulge in the region of the umbilicus with skin cover.

Umbilical hernias with a small ring diameter (< 1 cms) are more likely to close spontaneously and sooner than those with a larger diameter ( >1.5 ms). The diameter is more important than the length of the protrusion of the umbilical hernia.

Appendicitis is inflammation of appendix. Appendix is a small-linger-shaped vestigeal part of the large intestine present in right lower part of the abdomen.

Child passes blood from the anus and an associated mass comes out when the child goes to pass stool. The blood scares them and the mass confuses them, and very often they feel that these are piles.

One of the first investigations asked for in any child with a palpable mass in the abdomen is an ultrasonography.

In recent times, with the advent of small nuclear family, working parents and availability of fast foods in cities, this has become a very common complaint. I must be seeing at least 4 new children with constipation each month.

Intussusception is the telescoping of proximal intestine inside the distal intestine.

In a suspected case of intussusception, Ultrasonography is ideal. This will pick up the mass of the intestines that will look like concentric circles within each other called target sign.

Nowadays, the therapy is combined with the diagnosis. In case of Barium Enema, it is given under x ray image intensifier through a can placed at 3 feet above the child. The barium flows with pressure of gravity and not hand force. This hydrostatic force of the liquid barium itself after making a diagnosis, begins reducing the intussusception.

This is a cancer of the kidney and this is an embryonal tumor. This arises from the upper or lower pole of the kidney. It may occur on one side or rarely on both sides simultaneously.

This is another type of a cancer in children that arises from the adrenal gland situated just above the kidney.

This is accumulation of urine in the pelvis of the kidney due to an obstruction to the passage of urine from the pelvis to the bladder.

This is a cyst in the mesentery of the intestines and may be small or at times a huge double cyst.

This is again a benign cyst of the tube leading the bile from the liver to the intestine called bile duct.

This is a condition that can scare the parents when they see the child passing blood in the stools.