http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Endocrine_problems.asp An endocrine disorder is nothing but change in the level of specific hormone in the blood. They are also referred as hormonal disorders, since, they are caused due to hormonal imbalances. Over secretion or under secretion of any hormone leads to endocrine disorder. en-us 2012-02-24T13:13:51.0000000+05:30 http://www.pediatriconcall.com/rss_media/rss_rss_Endocrine_Problems.jpg http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Endocrine_problems.asp The endocrine system is composed of a network of organs and glands responsible for producing, storing, and secreting hormones that help to maintain and control vital functions such as growth, reproduction, and energy levels. There are several endocrine system diseases that result from disruptions in this complex system. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Endocrine_problems.asp 2012-02-24T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 Hypothyroidism is the commonest endocrine problem in children. Thyroid hormones play a role in biologic processes of practically all organs of the body. Lack of thyroid hormones lead to slowing of body metabolic rate with decreased maturation of all the organs. Hypothyroid state right from birth is known as congenital hypothyroidism. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/congenital_hypothyroidism.asp 2006-11-18T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta-cells of the pancreas. It is a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 5700 kDa. It is formed from proinsulin after cleavage into insulin and C-peptide http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/insulin1.asp 2011-06-17T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 The Insulins available now are the "pure" varieties and contain negligible risks of immunogenicity. These are of four types - beef, porcine, mixed and human insulin http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Insulin_types.asp 2011-06-17T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 Insulin vials should be preferably stored at 4-80C. If possible they should be kept in the refrigerator, but not in the freezer compartment. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Insulin_Administration_Storage.asp 2011-06-17T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 The various methods of insulin delivery are by injections, insulin pens, and insulin pumps and lately by inhalation (EXUBERA). http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Method_Insulin_Delivery.asp 2011-06-17T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 To optimize glycemic control, an individual would need to receive small amounts of insulin continuously (basal), with boluses of insulin before meals and snacks. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Insulin_Therapy.asp 2011-06-17T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 Insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes can be supplementary or absolute depending upon the indication. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Insulin_Therapy1.asp 2011-06-17T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 The sites where the injections can be given abdomen, outer upper arms, the thighs, the buttocks, and hip areas. Do not inject insulin in bony areas or near any of your joints. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Sites_Insulin_Therapy.asp 2011-06-17T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 Hypoglycemia (Low blood sugar): This is a major side effect and the patient should be educated about it before initiation of insulin and he should be taught about the emergency measures to be taken in such a condition. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Complication_Insulin.asp 2011-06-17T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 Insulin is secreted throughout the day and thus there is a basal level and peaks of insulin secretion are seen following meals when the blood glucose rises http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Insulin_Type_Introduction.asp 2011-06-17T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 The only insulin analog available in India is the rapid acting Lispro. It reaches the blood within 15 minutes after injection. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Rapid_Acting.asp 2011-06-17T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 Short-acting (regular) insulin usually reaches the blood within 30 minutes after injection. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Short_Acting.asp 2011-06-17T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 Intermediate-acting (NPH and lente) insulins reach the blood 2 to 6 hours after injection. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Intermediate_Acting.asp 2011-06-17T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 Long-acting (ultralente) insulin takes 6 to 14 hours to start working. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Long_Acting.asp 2011-06-17T00:00:00.0000000+05:30 Lantus is newer insulin, which works for 24 hrs. The chemical structure of Lantus makes it to be released steadily and continuously in the body, mimicking almost the basal physiological secretion of Insulin. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/forpatients/commonchild/Endocrine_problems/Very_Long_Acting.asp 2011-06-17T00:00:00.0000000+05:30