DPT/DT/TT Vaccine - Introduction,Side Effects,Treatment

4th Pediatric Infectious Diseases Conference

ISSN 0973 - 0958

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DPT/DT/TT VACCINE

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DPT/DT/TT VACCINE

Q. What is DPT/DT/TT given for?
A. DPT is a combination vaccine to protect against Diphtheria, Tetanus & Pertussis (whooping cough). DT protects against diphtheria and Tetanus and TT protects against tetanus.There are 3 types of DPT vaccine - DPwT, DPaT and Tdap. DPwT contains entire killed form of pertussis bacteria. DPaT contains only few proteins of the pertussis germ (acellular pertussis). Both vaccines are very effective, but DPaT has lesser side effect. Tdap contains lesser strength of diphtheria toxoid and pertussis protein. It is useful to boost immunity in adults and prevent side effects due to minimal strength of the vaccine.

Q. When is DPT given?
A. 3 primary doses of DPT vaccine are given at 4 weeks interval starting at 6 weeks of age and then at 10 and 14 weeks with two boosters at 15-18 months and 5 years. Tdap is then given at 10 years and subsequently every 10 years there after.

Q. How is DPT given?
A. DPT is given as intramuscular injection.

Q. What are the side effects of DPT/DT/TT?
A. Local side effects: It includes pain, swelling, redness & difficulty in walking. It is seen in 30-40% of vaccinees. It persists for 24-72 hours & responds to paracetamol. Sometimes a nodule forms at the injection site, which may persist for several days to weeks. It may soften and form a sterile abscess. It does not merit any treatment except analgesics. If it shows fluctuation, it can be drained.

Systemic side effects: It includes fever, lassitude, anorexia, vomiting, irritability, excessive crying etc. seen in 30 - 40 % of patients. Fever is usually mild to moderate, lasts for 2-3 days & responds to paracetamol. Sometimes, Pertussis component of DPT is responsible for fever more than 105 degree F, excessive crying & screaming spells lasting for more than 4 hours and convulsions. If a patient develops any of those adverse reactions it is a contraindication to further use of DPT & instead only DT should be used. Such reactions should be immediately reported to doctor.

Q. What is the treatment of side effects following DPT?
A. Paracetamol or ibuprofen can be used to treat pain, swelling, redness, difficulty in walking and fever. It takes 2-3 days for the symptoms to disappear. In case abscess has formed, treat with antibiotics and drainage. Persistent nodule should be left alone, as it does not lead to any other symptoms.

Q. When is DT used?
A. It is used in patients where pertussis component is contraindicated.

Q. What is dT vaccine?
A. dT vaccine has 1/10th dose of diphtheria toxoid than present in DT/DPT. If full dose of diphtheria toxoid is given as present in DT/ DPT in children above 10 years of age, it can lead to serious side effects like heart toxicity, serum sickness like reactions etc.

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