Nutrition in Childhood Cancer-Cancer Introduction,Nutritional Status

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Nutritional Management in Cancer

Ms. Monica Adhikari
Senior Dietician in Pediatric,
Sheffield Children's Hospital, UK

What is cancer?

Cancer is the collective term given to a growth of body cells beyond the control of normal growth regulatory mechanisms (neoplasm or new growth). A neoplasm may then form into a mass of these 'rebel'; cells with abnormal cell division pattern (tumour).

What happen to the nutritional status in cancer?

Cancerous cells compete with other bodily cells for nutrients and therefore put the body in a state of hyper metabolism. This condition of increased nutrient requirement that is unsatisfied by an increased food intake in cancer is called cachexia. Cancer cachexia is quite unlike starvation, which is rather hypo metabolism with decreased energy that is reversed with adequate nutrition.

Cancer cachexia is characterized by loss of appetite, progressive tissue wasting, weight loss and anaemia. Commonly experienced is a change in taste, particularly for sweet and bitter sensations.

Why is nutrition important?

Good nutrition is very important when a child is treated for cancer. Children with cancer often have poor appetite due to one or more following reasons:

The hospital environment

Side effects of chemotherapy or radiation

Depression

Change in cells of mouth which may alter the way food tastes

Inadequate absorption of calories, vomiting and diarrhoea

How do I know if my child is nutritionally at risk?

The dietician assesses the nutritional status by comparing your child's weight with the height. Your child will need nutritional support if:

He/she has a 5-10%body weight loss.

He/she has poor weight gain over 2-3 months

He/she have poor oral intake.

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