Child Nutritional Requirements At Different Life Stages

4th Pediatric Infectious Diseases Conference

ISSN 0973 - 0958

Nutrition in Children

Immunity and Growth Articles

Nutrition for Growth and Immunity

NUTRITION IN CHILDREN

Micronutrients in Children

Role of Micronutrients in Diet of Preschooler

Micronutrient Status of Children in India

Micronutrient Supplementation and it's Effect on Children

Micronutrients Vitamin B complex

Micronutrients Vitamin C and Vitamin D

Calcium and phosphorus in diet

Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in children

Community Level Micronutrient Deficiency in Preschoolers

Micronutrients: Vitamin A, E and K

Immunity and Growth of Children

Nutrition For Healthy Growth and Immunity

Nutrition and Brain Development

Nutrition and Infections

Dietary Inadequacy in First Three Years of Life

Feeding guidelines for infants and young children in India

Prebiotics for Children

Prebiotics & Probiotics And Gut Health in Children

Prebiotics and Probiotics for Healthy Children

Role of probiotics in children

Role of prebiotics in children

Prebiotics and probiotic combinations in children

DHA in children

DHA Need and Importance During Growing Period

Malnutrition in children

Problems of Malnutrition in India among Children

Adult Onset Diseases and Malnutrition

Nutrition In Indian Urban Children

Malnutrition Among Preschoolers

Nutrition Growth Charts

Length/Height for age

Subscapular skin fold thickness

Triceps skin fold thickness

NUTRITION FOR HEALTHY GROWTH AND IMMUNITY

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Relevant Topics

Normal Pattern of Growth

Organ Maturation

Normal Nutritional Requirements

Nutrition and Immune System

Action of Specific Nutrients on Growth & Immunity

Under Nutrition

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS AT DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES (5)

Infants :- The first 4-6 months are a period of rapid growth and development. Breast milk contains all the nutrients required during this period. Exclusive breast feeding should be encouraged till 6 months of age with introduction of weaning diet after that. Weaning food should meet the requirement of iron, proteins, thiamine, niacin, vitamin B6 & B12, magnesium, zinc, sodium and chloride.

1-3 years of age :- Preschools are rapidly growing and have greater energy requirement. There is increased need for all vitamins and minerals except Vitamin D & zinc. Lesser amounts of calcium, phosphorus and iron are needed as compared to earlier. Fibre (non starch polysaccharide) should also be added to meet the satiety needs. Protein requirements do not increase much.

4-6 years of age :- Energy requirements continue to increase as well as proteins, vitamins *except C & D) and all minerals (except iron).

7-10 years :- Energy, protein, vitamin and mineral requirements increase. Requirement for thiamine, vitamin C & D remain same.

11-14 years :- Protein requirement increases by 50%. Energy requirement continues to increase. Boys require increased vitamins and minerals whereas in girls iron requirement is very high and there is no change in requirement of thiamine, niacin & vitamin B6.

15-18 years :- Energy, protein, vitamin and mineral requirement increases with same requirement of vitamin B12, folate, vitamin C, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and copper. Calcium and iron requirement markedly increases.

Conclusion

Children are growing both physically and mentally and adequate nutrient supply is necessary to maintain the genetically programmed growth potential as well as immune system development. Impairment at both micronutrient as well as macronutrient level can lead to maladjustment and improper growth and development with chronic long term health consequences.

References

1.		Williams AF. Pediatric Nutrition. Eds Gibney MJ, Elia M, Ljungvist O, Dowsett J. In:Clinical Nutrition. Oxford. Blackwell Science. 2005;pp:378-427.
2.		Butte NF, Lopez-Alarcon MG, Garza C. Nutrient Adequacy of exclusive breast feeding for the term infant during the first six months of life. World Health Organization, Geneva 2002.
3.		Feigelman S. Growth development and Behaviour. Eds Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF. In Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Edn. 18th Vol.1, Saunders Elsevier. New Delhi. 2008;pp:43-65.
4.		Heird WC. Nutritional Needo. Eds Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Slanton BF. In Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Edn. 18th Vol.1. Saunders. New Delhi 2008;pp:209-220
5.		British Nutrition Foundation. Nutrient Requirements and Recommendations 2004.
6.		Sommer A et al. Impact of Vitamin A supplementation on childhood mortality A randomized controlled community trial. Lancet 1986;1:1169-1173.
7.		American Heart association, Gidding SS, Dennison BA et al. Dietary Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Practitioners. Pediatrics. 2006;117:544-559.
8.		Ruel MT, Garrett JL, Morris SS et al. Urban challenges to food and nutrition security: a review of food security, health and care giving in the cities. FCND discussion paper 51. Washington DG : International Food Policy Research Institute. 1998.
9.		VN Administrative Committee/Sub-committee on Nutrition (ACC/SCN). How nutrition improves. Geneva: ACC/SCN. 1996.
10.		Selmi C, Invernizzi P, Zuin M, Ansari AA, Gershwin ME. Evaluation of the immune function in the Nutritionally. At-Risk Patient. Eds Gershwin ME, Nestel P, Keen CL. In: Handbook of Nutrition & Immunity. Humana Press. pp:1-18.

Last updated: 1st May 2009. Copyrighted Pediatric Oncall

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